In mice, the systemical or intracranial application of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3,
6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) can lead to severe damage to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Alzheimer's disease (AD), a deleterious
neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, cognitive functions and may lead to …

Oxidative stress reflects an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and antioxidant defense systems, and it can be associated with the pathogenesis and …

Significant increase in iron occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta of Parkinsonian
subjects, and in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treated rats and monkeys. This increase in …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays an important role in
the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Among many inflammatory factors found in the …

Cytisine, a natural bioactive compound that is mainly isolated from plants of the
Leguminosae family (especially the seeds of Laburnum anagyroides), has been marketed in …

(−)-Cytisine (−)-1,[(1R, 5S)-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexahydro-1, 5-methano-8H-pyrido [1, 2a][1, 5]
diazocin-8-one (Figure 1), is an alkaloid extracted from various plants belonging to the …

Cytisine, a natural plant alkaloid, has been marketed in Central and Eastern Europe for over
40 years for the clinical management of smoking cessation. Despite the fact that cytisine has …

Dieses Buch vermittelt einen kompetenten und fächerübergreifenden Überblick über das
aktuelle Wissen auf dem Gebiet der Parkinson-Krankheit. Es ist im deutschsprachigen …

Covering: up to the end of 2011 This review covers classical and modern structural
modifications of the alkaloid, the more recent (since 2007) syntheses of cytisine and …