We review the discovery, characterization, and evolving use of the N400, an event-related
brain potential response linked to meaning processing. We describe the elicitation of N400s …

Visual word recognition is a process that, both hierarchically and in parallel, draws on
different types of information ranging from perceptual to orthographic to semantic. A central …

Language-related event-related potential (ERP) components such as the N400 have
traditionally been associated with linguistic or cognitive functional interpretations. By …

The human brain continually generates electrical potentials representing neural
communication. These potentials can be measured at the scalp, and constitute the …

The vast majority of existing work on brain biometrics has been conducted on the ongoing
electroencephalogram. Here, we argue that the averaged event-related potential (ERP) may …

I will describe how orthographic processing acts as a central interface between visual and
linguistic processing during reading, and as such can be considered to be the 'mid-level …

Although the sensitivity of the N400 to semantic processing is well established, late positive
ERP components are also elicited during sentence comprehension. We suggest that there …

In this study, we examined the role that cognitive control and language regulation ability play
in mediating readers' susceptibility to prediction error costs when reading in the native …

Expectation-based theories of language processing, such as Surprisal theory, are supported
by evidence of anticipation effects in both behavioural and neurophysiological measures …

Factors that modulate the influence of contextual information on semantic processing in
language comprehension have been thoroughly investigated with the N400 component of …