Understanding persistence and evolution of B cell clones after COVID-19 infection and
vaccination is crucial for predicting responses against emerging viral variants and optimizing …

Summary Background SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nABs) showed great promise
in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of resistant strains …

Serological diagnostics is generally defined as the detection of specific human
immunoglobulins developed against viral, bacterial, or parasitic diseases. Serological tests …

Although the efficacy and commercial success of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies have
been tremendous, designing and discovering new drug candidates remains a labor-, time …

Introduction Antibody-mediated immunity is an essential part of the immune system in
vertebrates. The ability to specifically bind to antigens allows antibodies to be widely used in …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported three years ago, when a
group of individuals were infected with the original SARS-CoV-2 strain, based on which …

Antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 is typically defined by mutations in the N-terminal domain and
receptor binding domain of spike protein. In contrast, whether antigenic drift occurs in the S2 …

Antibodies are vital proteins offering robust protection for the human body from pathogens.
The development of general protein and antibody-specific pre-trained language models …

Seven coronaviruses are known to cause infection/disease in humans. Of these, human
coronavirus (HCoV)-229E and HCoV-NL63 are alphacoronaviruses (α-CoVs), whereas …

The COVID-19 pandemic and SARS-CoV-2 variants have dramatically illustrated the need
for a better understanding of antigen (epitope)-antibody (paratope) interactions. To gain …