With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for
alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect …

The ability of developing immunological memory, a characteristic feature of adaptive
immunity, is clearly present also in innate immune responses. In fact, it is well known that …

The innate immune system provides an adequate response to stress factors and pathogens
through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), located on the surface of cell membranes and …

Staphylococcus aureus is an important etiological agent that causes skin infections, and has
the propensity to form biofilms, leading to significant mortality and morbidity in patients with …

Various insect bacterial associates are involved in pathogeneses caused by
entomopathogenic fungi. The outcome of infection (fungal growth or decomposition) may …

According to estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in
2020, world poultry meat production reached 133.3 million tons. Poultry farming, one of the …

Abstract The ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and ecdysone receptor (EcR), are
regarded as the key regulators of development, metamorphosis, and growth in arthropods …

In crustaceans, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are clustered into four major groups
according to their amino acid composition and structure:(1) single-domain peptides …

Tenuazonic acid (TeA) is synthesized by phytopathogenic and opportunistic fungi and is
detected in a broad range of foods. This natural compound is of interest in terms of toxicity to …

Endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are evolutionarily ancient factors of innate
immunity, which are produced by all multicellular organisms and play a key role in their …