Though gravel cushions are used worldwide in open-pit mines and railway slopes to control
the impact of rolling stones, no universal technical standards have been put in place to …

In the design of multiple rigid barriers, the height of the first barrier governs the impact
dynamics of debris flow on the next barrier in a channel. However, current design …

Landslide risks arising from boulder falls and debris flows are commonly mitigated using
rigid and flexible barriers. Debris–barrier interaction is a complicated process, so current …

Coarse grains accumulate at granular flow fronts and must be considered when studying
granular flows impacting barriers. Experimental studies often use instrumented barriers …

Multiple barriers have become popular to mitigate debris flows worldwide. Existing
guidelines only recommend the minimum spacing based on volume retention, and the …

Many existing ground reinforced embankments are experiencing deterioration, meanwhile
the risk of rockfall is aggravated by the weathering and the infiltration of rainfall. However …

Hillside RC barriers protected by gabion cushion layers are commonly used as passive
defence measures to contain landslides and rockfalls. Gabions are expensive and require …

Ground reinforced embankment (GRE) is an economical and efficient protection measure
against rockfalls. In various design guidelines of ground reinforced embankments, the …

Abstract In Hong Kong, design practice adopts the hydrodynamic load model to estimate the
dynamic soil debris impact load on reinforced concrete debris-resisting barriers. A dynamic …

To evaluate the ultimate capacity of the ground reinforced embankments, most of the
research have been focused on high levels of impact energy. However, many existing …