Previous research has indicated that education influences cognitive development, but it is
unclear what, precisely, is being improved. Here, we tested whether education is associated …

Across ontogenetic development, individuals gather manifold experiences during which they
detect regularities in their environment and thereby accumulate knowledge. This knowledge …

In a heterogeneous sample of 436 adult individuals who completed 42 mental ability tests,
we evaluated the relative statistical performance of three major psychometric models of …

This paper reviews research on motor-skill learning across the life span with particular
emphasis on older age. For this purpose, studies that focus on age-related differences in …

Existing representations of cognitive ability structure are exclusively based on linear patterns
of interrelations. However, a number of developmental and cognitive theories predict that …

The benefits of fitness for cognitive performance in healthy older adults have repeatedly
been demonstrated. Animal studies, however, have revealed differential relationships …

Fluid intelligence decreases with age, yet evidence about age declines in decision-making
quality is mixed: Depending on the study, older adults make worse, equally good, or even …

The prefrontal cortex plays an essential role in various cognitive functions, such as planning
and reasoning, yet little is known about how such neural mechanisms develop during …

Existing evidence suggests that the organization of cognitive functions may differentiate
during development. We investigated two key components of executive functions, memory …

Abstract The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) has been widely used in aging-
oriented research on emotion. However, no ratings for older adults are available. The aim of …