Recently, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has emerged extensively. This began
with the deployment of small-scale WSNs and progressed to that of larger-scale and Internet …

Routing and hotspot are considered among the key issues in Wireless Sensor Networks
(WSNs). Several routing protocols have been proposed; yet they suffer from the lack of fault …

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become more popular in recent years due to their
vast range of applications. The utilisation of WSNs is an absolute requirement for future …

Clustering is a promising technique for optimizing energy consumption in sensor-enabled
Internet of Things (IoT) networks. Uneven distribution of cluster heads (CHs) across the …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) related to the Internet of Things (IoT) have shown
incredible growth with technological advancements, offering a greater number of …

A wireless sensor networks comprised of massive micro-sensor devices which installed in
geographical areas used for surveillance, monitoring and control the applications and …

In wireless sensor networks, organizing nodes into clusters, finding routing paths and
maintaining the clusters are three critical factors that significantly impact the network lifetime …

A hot spot problem is a problem where cluster nodes near to the base station (BS) tend to
drain their energy much faster than other nodes due to the need to perform more …

The nodes in wireless sensor networks contain limited energy resources, so the node's
energy should be astutely utilized. Clustering is an effective approach to lessen the energy …

Ant colony optimization (ACO) and unequal clustering algorithms in wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) prove their efficiency in protracting the network lifetime. However, the …