Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic disease, is caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Type I and III …

Activation of the RIG-I-like receptors, retinoic-acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma
differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5), establishes an antiviral state by upregulating …

Type I Interferons (IFN-Is) are a family of cytokines which play a major role in inhibiting viral
infection. Resultantly, many viruses have evolved mechanisms in which to evade the IFN-I …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the
transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and …

Interferon (IFN) signaling induces the expression of a wide array of genes, collectively
referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that generally function to inhibit viral replication …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane proteins belonging to the family of pattern-
recognition receptors. They function as sensors of invading pathogens through recognition …

Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in
all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) …

Disclosures: C. Flores reported grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of
Science and Innovation, and Cabildo Insular de Tenerife outside the submitted work. J …

The molecular mechanisms underlying estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive breast
carcinogenesis and endocrine therapy resistance remain incompletely understood. Here …