Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the
visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity …

Damage to the optic nerve and the death of associated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) by
elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), also known as glaucoma, is responsible for visual …

The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in
their visual needs. Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs …

High-definition vision in humans and nonhuman primates is initiated by cone photoreceptors
located within a specialized region of the retina called the fovea. Foveal cone death is the …

Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions. The specialized
downstream circuit for rod signalling, called the primary rod pathway, is well characterized in …

Antiangiogenesis therapies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have
revolutionized the treatment of neovascular ocular diseases, including neovascular age …

Two main subcortical pathways serving conscious visual perception are the midget-
parvocellular (P), and the parasol-magnocellular (M) pathways. It is generally accepted that …

In the course of evolution, animals have obtained the capacity to perceive and encode their
environment via the development of sensory systems such as touch, olfaction, audition, and …

Inherited retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affect around one in 4000
people and are the leading cause of blindness in working age adults in several countries. In …

The Old World macaque monkey and New World common marmoset provide fundamental
models for human visual processing, yet the human ancestral lineage diverged from these …