Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause severe neurological diseases including neonatal
microcephaly and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the by …

RNA viral infections seriously endanger human health. Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-
containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) suppresses innate immunity against …

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans and its associated diseases are long-standing
problems. HBV can produce a large number of non-self-molecules during its life cycle, which …

The type-I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway plays pivot roles in defending against
pathogen invasion. Exogenous ssRNA and dsRNA could be immunogenic. RNA-mediated …

The induction of interferons (IFNs) plays an important role in the elimination of invading
pathogens. Heat shock binding protein 21 (HBP21), first known as a molecular chaperone of …

Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is a highly lethal virus that severely affects the duck
industry worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert crucial roles in pathogen …

Living host system possess mechanisms like innate immune system to combat against
inflammation, stress singling, and cancer. These mechanisms are initiated by PAMP and …

Multiple host factors are known to play important roles in hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication,
in immune responses induced by HCV infection, or in processes that facilitate virus escape …

Innate immunity is the first line of defense in the human body, and it plays an important role
in defending against viral infection. Viruses are identified by different pattern-recognition …

The interferon (IFN) response is a critical and ubiquitous component of the innate immune
response to pathogens. Detailed studies in the last decades have elucidated the function of …