The biology of masculinization is fundamentally important for understanding the embryonic
developmental processes that are involved in the development of the male reproductive …

Fertilization requires the physical combination of gametes, and terrestrial mammals
necessitated the evolution of genitalia capable of successfully completing the fertilization …

Congenital anomalies of the lower genitourinary (LGU) tract are frequently comorbid due to
genetically linked developmental pathways, and are among the most common yet most …

Testicular androgen is a master endocrine factor in the establishment of external genital sex
differences. The degree of androgenic exposure during development is well known to …

To identify rare variants associated with prostate cancer susceptibility and better
characterize the mechanisms and cumulative disease risk associated with common risk …

While androgen is considered a pivotal regulator of sexually dimorphic development, it
remains unclear how it orchestrates the differentiation of reproductive organs. Using external …

The male external genitalia of the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880) is a
fleshy protrusion known as the urogenital papilla (UGP), which functions to deliver sperm …

External genitalia development in mice involves multiple developmental processes under
the regulation of various signaling pathways. Wnt5a, one of the major Wnt ligands, is a …

The morphogenesis of mammalian embryonic external genitalia (eExG) shows dynamic
differences between males and females. In genotypic males, eExG are masculinized in …

Many industrial chemicals have been reported as antiandrogenic substances. Exposure to
these substances represents a potential risk to human health, particularly to the …