The brain has an extraordinary ability to functionally and physically change or reconfigure its
structure in response to environmental stimulus, cognitive demand, or behavioral …

Here, we review the neural correlates of cognitive control associated with bilingualism. We
demonstrate that lifelong practice managing two languages orchestrates global changes to …

Research on the effects of bi-and multi-lingualism on brain structure has so far yielded
variable patterns. Although it cannot be disputed that learning and using additional …

Normal aging is an inevitable race between increasing knowledge and decreasing cognitive
capacity. Crucial to understanding and promoting successful aging is determining which of …

Recent studies suggest that learning and using a second language (L2) can affect brain
structure, including the structure of white matter (WM) tracts. This observation comes from …

Diffusion tensor imaging was used to compare white matter structure between American
monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual adults living in the United States. In the bilingual …

The neuroanatomical bases of bilingualism have recently received intensive attention.
However, it is still a matter of debate how the brain structure changes due to bilingual …

Learning and using additional languages can result in structural changes in the brain.
However, the time course of these changes, as well as the factors the predict them, are still …

The heated debate regarding bilingual cognitive advantages remains ongoing. While there
are many studies supporting positive cognitive effects of bilingualism, recent meta-analyses …

Advances in neuroimaging techniques and analytic methods have led to a proliferation of
studies investigating the impact of bilingualism on the cognitive and brain systems in …