The HIV epidemic in higher-income nations is driven by receptive anal intercourse, injection
drug use through needle/syringe sharing, and, less efficiently, vaginal intercourse. Alcohol …

The reconstruction of the epidemic history of several HIV populations, by using methods that
infer the population history from sampled gene sequence data, has revealed important …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Cameroon is characterized by widespread seropositivity
and great virus genetic diversity (3 genotypes and over 10 subtypes). A total of 244 HCV …

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic continues to grow at an alarming rate,
with a further 5 million new infections in 2003. Some 3.5 million of these were in sub …

The need to estimate divergence times in evolutionary histories in the presence of various
sources of substitution rate variation has stimulated a rich development of relaxed molecular …

The dispersal of HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B) is a reflection of the movement of human
populations in response to social, political, and geographical issues. The initial …

Infections with HIV-1 group M subtype B viruses account for the majority of the HIV epidemic
in the Western world. Phylogeographic studies have placed the introduction of subtype B in …

Background The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) raises the
question of whether vaccines that include a component to elicit antiviral T cell immunity …

Small ruminants are important components in the livelihood of millions of households in
many parts of the world. The spread of the highly contagious peste des petits ruminants …

HLA-restricted immune escape mutations that persist following HIV transmission could
gradually spread through the viral population, thereby compromising host antiviral immunity …