Metaverse as the latest buzzword has attracted great attention from both industry and
academia. Metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows …

Blockchain technology has been developed with the vision to enable trusted collaboration
between untrusted parties, without the need for a central authority. Despite its many …

A succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (SNARK) allows a prover to produce a
short proof that certifies the veracity of a certain NP-statement. In the last decade, a large …

Decentralized and permissionless ledgers offer an inherently low transaction rate, as a
result of their consensus protocol demanding the storage of each transaction on-chain. A …

Payment channel network (PCN) is a promising off-chain technology for blockchain
scalability, but it suffers from poor sustainability in practice. In other words, due to the …

With the emergence of countless independent blockchain systems in recent years, cross-
chain transactions have attracted considerable attention, and lots of solutions have been put …

Most blockchain-based cryptocurrencies suffer from a heavily limited transaction throughput,
which is a barrier to their growing adoption. Payment channel networks (PCNs) are one of …

Cross-chain technology facilitates the interoperability among isolated blockchains on which
users can freely communicate and transfer values. Existing cross-chain protocols suffer from …

Payment Channel Networks (PCNs) have flourished as one of the most promising solutions
to the blockchain scalability problem. Unfortunately, the existing PCN solutions either fail to …

Blockchain systems, one of the most popular distributed systems, are well-applied in various
scenarios, eg, logistics and finance. However, traditional blockchain systems suffer from …