Biological photonic crystal (PC) patterns provide unique functionalities for the survival of
creatures, such as the static identified patterns of butterfly wings, the mating function of the …

Biological systems possess nanoarchitectures that have evolved for specific purposes and
whose ability to modulate the flow of light creates an extraordinary diversity of natural …

Photonic crystals (PCs) with crack-free morphology, high-saturated structural color and
sensitivity to circumstances are expanding their applications in painting, sensor, optical …

Analytical chemistry applied to medical and diagnostic analysis has recently focused on the
development of cost-effective biosensors able to monitor the health status or to assess the …

Microfluidic devices can provide a versatile, cost-effective platform for disease diagnostics
and risk assessment by quantifying biomarkers. In particular, simultaneous testing of several …

Infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global disease burden. Sensitive and
accurate screening methods are some of the most effective means of identifying sources of …

While structural color materials have nonfading properties and contribute significantly to the
sustainable development of pigments or dyes, they are plagued by low color saturation and …

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a non-invasive analytical technique that has
ultra-sensitivity and high multiplex capability. Owing to their sharp tips and corners, gold …

Food safety become a hot issue currently with globalization of food trade and food supply
chains. Chemical pollution, microbial contamination and adulteration in food have attracted …

Proteins in biological fluids (blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) are important biomarkers of
various pathological conditions. Protein biomarkers detection and quantification have been …