Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese
patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and …

Macrophage polarization refers to the process by which macrophages can produce two
distinct functional phenotypes: M1 or M2. The balance between both strongly affects the …

Periodontitis is caused by host immune-inflammatory response to bacterial insult. A high
proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages to anti-inflammatory macrophages leads to the …

Multifunctional hydrogel as a sealant or wound dressing with high adhesiveness and
excellent antibacterial activity is highly desirable in clinical applications. In this contribution …

Wound healing studies are intricate, mainly because of the multifaceted nature of the wound
environment and the complexity of the healing process, which integrates a variety of cells …

Macrophage activation is intimately linked to metabolic reprogramming. Inflammatory (M1)
macrophages are able to sustain inflammatory responses and to kill pathogens, mostly by …

Mitochondria are critical for regulation of the activation, differentiation, and survival of
macrophages and other immune cells. In response to various extracellular signals, such as …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important immunocytes associated with cancer
metastasis. However, whether TAMs play a dominant role in mediating CXCL12/CXCR4 …

The gut microbiota is indispensable for maintaining host health by enhancing the host's
digestive capacity, safeguarding the intestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing pathogen …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprised of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, is a
chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that closely related to …