Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central
nervous system afflicting nearly three million individuals worldwide. Neuroimmune …

Current therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) reduce both relapses and relapse-associated
worsening of disability, which is assumed to be mainly associated with transient infiltration of …

Traditionally, lymphocytic interferon γ (IFN-γ) was considered to be a simple'booster'of
proinflammatory responses by microglia (brain-resident macrophages) during bacterial or …

As resident macrophages of the CNS, microglia are critical immune effectors of inflammatory
lesions and associated neural dysfunctions. In multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disorder, which is histopathologically
characterized by multifocal inflammatory demyelinating lesions affecting both the central …

Ependymal cells are indispensable components of the central nervous system (CNS). They
originate from neuroepithelial cells of the neural plate and show heterogeneity, with at least …

For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an
immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral …

The advent of highly effective disease modifying therapy has transformed the landscape of
multiple sclerosis (MS) care over the last two decades. However, there remains a critical …

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and
phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the …

Sinomenine is a natural compound extracted from the medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum.
Its supplementation has been shown to present benefits in a variety of animal models of …