A vast literature evaluates the effectiveness of development aid, often reaching sobering
conclusions. We argue that a key shortcoming of this literature is the focus on a narrow …

Does democracy curb domestic political violence? To study this, we focus on the United
Kingdom's Representation of the People Act of 1867—which is a critical juncture in the …

Conflict undermines development, while adverse economic shocks, in turn, can increase
conflict risk. Policy interventions such as cash transfers could attenuate conflict risk by …

Prevailing theories of democracy focus on class conflict. In contrast, we study democratic
transition when ethnic tensions are more salient than the poor/rich divide, building a model …

Perang Dunia I menyebabkan kematian sekitar 17 orang dan menghancurkan banyak
wilayah di Eropa. Perang ini juga memaksa negara-negara mengeluarkan banyak uang …

Taxation may trigger social unrest, as highlighted by historical examples. At the same time,
tax income could boost state capacity which may, in turn, foster political stability …

This paper provides a framework to think about feasible and desirable nation-building
policies depending on the population structure of the country and summaries the state-of-the …

We study the optimal intervention of a third country in a dispute between an attacker and a
defender when there is uncertainty about the attacker's military strength. The outcome of the …

Violent conflict comes in various stripes, including terrorism as well as civil and international
wars. From an economic perspective, violent conflicts typically involve appropriating scarce …

The effectiveness of security operations often depends on cooperation between different
national armies. Such cooperation can be particularly important when international borders …