Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including
biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental …

Epidemiological studies have documented a high incidence of diabetes in hypertensive
patients. Insulin resistance is defined as a less than expected biologic response to a given …

Hyperinsulinemia is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes. Racial and ethnic minority
populations are disproportionately affected by diabetes and obesity-related complications …

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus will likely increase globally from 371 million individuals
in 2013 to 552 million individuals in 2030. This epidemic is mainly attributable to type 2 …

The discovery of nitric oxide (NO) as a crucial endothe-lium-derived molecule for vascular
relaxation and the recognition of the endothelium as more than a passive interface between …

The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of cells between the vessel lumen and the
vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide (NO) is a soluble gas continuously synthesized …

Background As a result of the increased consumption of sugar-rich and fatty-products, and
the increase in preference for such products, metabolic disorders are becoming more …

While virtually absent in our diet a few hundred years ago, fructose has now become a major
constituent of our modern diet. Our main sources of fructose are sucrose from beet or cane …

Insulin resistance is frequently associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been
proposed to play a major role in cardiovascular diseases. Insulin exerts pro-and anti …

Insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with a metabolic
and cardiovascular cluster of disorders (dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity [especially …