In recent years, the employment of multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) techniques in
solving complex real-world problems has increased exponentially. The willingness to build …

Multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a method to support decision‐making, by
exploring the balance between the pros and cons of different alternatives to accomplish a …

Unrestrained urban development and rapid expansion of motorized vehicles inevitably lead
to unsustainable transportation systems from economic, social and environmental points of …

Railway design is complex and closely linked to environmental concerns. To solve this
problem, a two-stage method considering three categories of environmental factors …

Transportation systems play a key role in urban development by providing access for people
to markets and education, employment, health care, recreation, and other key services …

Roads, railways and rail transit lines play major roles in transporting passengers and freight.
In the design process for such transportation infrastructures, the alignment determination …

Mountain railway alignment optimization has always been a challenge for designers and
researchers in this field. It is extremely difficult for existing methods that optimize alignments …

Railways are greatly threatened by geological hazards whose disastrous effects include
severe economic losses as well as serious casualties. It is vital to properly account for such …

Inadequate infrastructural networks can be detrimental to society if transport between
locations becomes hindered or delayed, especially due to natural hazards which are difficult …

Sustainable railway construction and operation are threatened by densely occurring
geological hazards in complex mountainous regions. Thus, during the alignment …