Abstract With the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, educational systems worldwide were
abruptly affected and hampered, causing nearly total suspension of all in-person activities in …

Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises various sub-fields, including machine learning (ML) and
deep learning (DL) perform a key role in the transformation of many industries, including …

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by
developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the …

Software testing assures that code changes do not adversely affect existing functionality.
However, a test case can be flaky, ie, passing and failing across executions, even for the …

Test smells are symptoms in the test code that indicate possible design or implementation
problems. Previous research demonstrated their harmfulness and the developers' …

Pandemics and infectious diseases are overcome by vaccination, which serves as a
preventative measure. Nevertheless, vaccines also raise public concerns; public …

To ensure the quality of a software system, developers perform an activity known as unit
testing, where they write code (known as test cases) that verifies the individual software units …

Test smells are considered bad practices that can reduce the test code quality, thus harming
software testing goals and maintenance activities. Prior studies have investigated the …

The opinions and perspectives of software developers are highly regarded in software
engineering research. The experience and knowledge of software practitioners are …

Unit testing is an essential component of the software development life-cycle. A developer
could easily and quickly catch and fix software faults introduced in the source code by …