The emergence of the novel coronavirus and then pandemic outbreak was coined 2019-
nCoV or COVID-19 (or SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019). This disease has a mortality rate of …

There is a marked variation in mortality risk associated with COVID-19 infection in the
general population. Low socioeconomic status and other social determinants have been …

Abstract Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by the severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The infection was reported in …

Background There is evidence that the adaptive or acquired immune system is one of the
crucial variables in differentiating the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

The severe forms and worsened outcomes of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) are
closely associated with hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Endothelial cells express …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible
RNA virus that is the causative agent of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was primarily identified as a novel disease causing
acute respiratory syndrome. However, as the pandemic progressed various cases of …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway regulate many
cellular processes and are essential for immune cells function. Their activity is controlled by …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to almost all
countries. The currently reported epidemiological statistics show that age, gender, and type …

Importance/Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is a critical public
health issue. Evidence has shown that metformin favorably influences COVID-19 outcomes …