Background Bipolar disorder affects up to one in 25 individuals and identification of early
risk indicators of negative outcomes could facilitate early detection of patients with greatest …

Objectives To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on
the role of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar …

Page 1 Atualizado de acordo com O DSM-5 e a CID-11 Paulo Dalgalarrondo PSICO patologia
e Semiologia dOs TranstOrnOs Mentais Page 2 Aviso Todo esforço foi feito para garantir a …

As the professional phagocytes of the brain, microglia orchestrate the immunological
response and play an increasingly important role in maintaining homeostatic brain functions …

Lithium has been used for the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) for the last sixty or more
years, and recent studies with more reliable designs and updated guidelines have …

The most common mood disorders are major depressive disorders and bipolar disorders
(BD). The pathophysiology of BD is complex, multifactorial, and not fully understood …

BackgroundA reliable biomarker signature for bipolar disorder sensitive to illness phase
would be of considerable clinical benefit. Among circulating blood-derived markers there …

Psychiatric disorders are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide and affect the
quality of life of both individuals and the society. The current understanding of these …

Bipolar disorder is a severe and enduring psychiatric condition which in many cases starts
during early adulthood and follows a relapsing and remitting course throughout life. In many …

Recent advanced immunological analyses have revealed that the diversity and plasticity of
macrophages lead to the identification of functional polarization states (classically activated …