This study applied systematic meta‐analytic procedures to summarize findings from
experimental and quasi‐experimental investigations into the effectiveness of using the tools …

Multiple regression is a family of statistics used to investigate the relationship between a set
of predictors and a criterion (dependent) variable. This procedure is applicable in a variety of …

The widespread adoption of ChatGPT, an AI language model, has the potential to bring
about significant changes to the research, teaching, and learning of foreign languages. The …

Teacher enthusiasm is attracting growing attention in educational and learner psychology
research. There is evidence that teacher enthusiasm is contagious in class and positively …

The increasing use of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) worldwide has brought attention to
tools that can assist English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in their journey to …

Building on the control-value theory, the present study examined the independent and joint
predictive effects of three emotions—enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom—on L2 achievement …

There is a growing research interest in a variety of emotions in foreign and second language
(L2) classrooms, especially since the introduction of positive psychology. However, research …

As a personality trait,'grit'has been defined as a combination of perseverance and passion
for long-term goals. Past research in social psychology has found grit as an important …

Second language (L2) anxiety has been the object of constant empirical and theoretical
attention for several decades. As a matter of both theoretical and practical interest, much of …

Learning a second/foreign language (L2) is a long process and L2 learners certainly will
encounter setbacks and discouragements during this process. However, their reactions to …