INTRODUCTION Nearly all mycobacterial species are free-living environmental
saprophytes. A few, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have evolved to cause …

Abstract Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains
not detected by commercial molecular drug susceptibility testing (mDST) assays due to the …

Recent advances in bacterial whole-genome sequencing have resulted in a comprehensive
catalog of antibiotic resistance genomic signatures in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With a …

Background Repeated culture reduces within-sample Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic
diversity due to selection of clones suited to growth in culture and/or random loss of …

A homoplasy is a nucleotide identity resulting from a process other than inheritance from a
common ancestor. Importantly, by distorting the ancestral relationships between nucleotide …

Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem in Ecuador with an incidence of 43
per 100,000 inhabitants and an estimated multidrug-resistant-TB prevalence in all TB cases …

The projected trajectory of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) epidemics depends on
the reproductive fitness of circulating strains of MDR M. tuberculosis (Mtb). Previous efforts to …

Peru has the highest burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the Americas region.
Since 1999, the annual number of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) …

Homoplastic mutations are mutations independently occurring in different clades of an
organism. The homoplastic changes may be a result of convergence evolution due to …

Molecular and genomic studies have revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage 4
(L4, Euro-American lineage) emerged in Europe before becoming distributed around the …