Bone development occurs through a series of synchronous events that result in the
formation of the body scaffold. The repair potential of bone and its surrounding …

Since cancer stem cells (CSCs) were first identified in leukemia in 1994, they have been
considered promising therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. These cells have self-renewal …

Background Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a recently discovered angiogenetic process
found in many malignant tumors, and is different from the traditional angiogenetic process …

T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell
receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen,
especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance …

The intramembrane protease γ-secretase is a hetero-tetrameric protein complex with
presenilin as the catalytic subunit and cleaves its membrane protein substrates within their …

Cells bend their plasma membranes into highly curved forms to interact with the local
environment, but how shape generation is regulated is not fully resolved. Here, we report a …

The past 15 years have witnessed tremendous progress in the molecular understanding of
osteoblasts, the main bone-forming cells in the vertebrate skeleton. In particular, all of the …

Much of the mammalian skeleton is composed of bones that originate from cartilage
templates through endochondral ossification. Elucidating the mechanisms that control …

The serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified and
studied in the regulation of glycogen synthesis. GSK-3 functions in a wide range of cellular …