Nearly half a century has passed since the discovery of cytoplasmic inheritance of human
chloramphenicol resistance. The inheritance was then revealed to take place maternally by …

Learning to recognize and respond to potential threats is crucial for survival. Pavlovian
threat conditioning represents a key paradigm for investigating the neurobiological …

Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning
remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In …

Following introduction of the monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor selegiline for the treatment
of Parkinson's disease (PD), discovery of the action mechanism of Alzheimer's disease …

The brain, a remarkable and intricate system, plays a fundamental role in shaping our
behavior, encompassing cognitive and emotional processes (1–3). Understanding its …

The brain is a complex and dynamic system that underlies our behavior, emotions, and
cognition (1–3). To better understand the structural and functional organization of the brain …

Coordinated interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems are crucial for
survival due to the inherent propensity for human behavior to make errors. In our ever …

This Special Issue has focused on dissecting the neuroprotective and neurodegenerative
components of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, highlighting the latest advance …

Migraine and neuropathic pain (NP) are both painful, disabling, chronic conditions which
exhibit some symptom similarities and are thus considered to share a common etiology. The …

Fear extinction is a phenomenon that involves a gradual reduction in conditioned fear
responses through repeated exposure to fear-inducing cues. Functional brain connectivity …