Global climate changes have serious consequences on natural ecosystems and cause
diverse environmental abiotic stressors that negatively affect plant growth and development …

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EcMF) are involved in soil nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.
These fungi can promote the uptake of nutrients (eg, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) and …

Salt stress is a worldwide environmental signal, reducing the growth and yield of crops. To
improve crop tolerance to salt, several beneficial microbes are utilized. Here, nitrogen-fixing …

Soil salinity is an environmental condition that is currently increasing worldwide. Plant
growth under salinity induces osmotic stress and ion toxicity impairing root water and …

The production of tree seedlings in forest nurseries and their use in the replanting of clear-
cut forest sites is a common practice in the temperate and boreal forests of Europe. Although …

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi play fundamental roles in host plant growth and terrestrial
ecosystems. Cedrus deodara is cultivated in several regions in China, has high ecological …

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMFs) form symbioses with plant roots to promote nutrient uptake by
plants but it is controversial as to whether they induce disease resistance in plants. Here, we …

Salt stress harms the growth and development of plants, and the degree of soil salinization
in North China is becoming increasingly severe. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic …

Trees acquire hydric and mineral soil resources through root mutualistic associations. In
most boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forests, these functions are realized by a …

The vitality of streetside trees, especially those growing in densely built urban areas, is
compromised by repeated exposure to de-icing salts. Such trees already experience …