Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases of recent times that causes several deaths every
year. The disease variations in different parts of the world, the impact of available medical …

Over the past two decades, elucidation of the genetic defects that underlie cancer has
resulted in a plethora of novel targeted cancer drugs. Although these agents can initially be …

Immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) encodes aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1) that
catalyzes the production of itaconic acids (ITAs). The anti-inflammatory function of IRG1/ITA …

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising non‐invasive therapeutic modality to treat deep‐
seated tumors owing to the good tissue penetration ability and spatiotemporal controllability …

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer,
with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently …

Natural killer (NK) cells display a unique inherent ability to identify and eliminate virus-
infected cells and tumor cells. They are particularly powerful for elimination of hematological …

Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Current cancer
immunotherapies are mostly antibody-based, thus possessing advantages in regard to …

Immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules expressed on tumor cells can suppress immune
responses against tumors. ICP therapy promotes anti-tumor immune responses by targeting …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main component of tumor-infiltrating
immune cells in the lung tumor microenvironment. TAMs recruited to the lung cancer can …

Tryptophan is metabolized by microorganisms into various indole derivatives that have been
proven to alleviate diseases and promote human health. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a …