Large boulders can jam in constrictions, both in canyons and man‐made structures (eg, slit‐
dams). Boulder jamming occurs stochastically, and partially governs the outflow rate of …

Baffle structure, a promising countermeasure in reducing the destruction power of rapid
granular flows, needs more investigation especially with focus on the physically based …

Coarse grains accumulate at granular flow fronts and must be considered when studying
granular flows impacting barriers. Experimental studies often use instrumented barriers …

Forests cover 39% of low-altitude mountainous areas globally, and they are considered
natural barriers against geophysical flows. Owing to the complexity of flows, the protective …

The destructive granular flow hazards can be mitigated by intercepting the solid particles
using protective barrier in the flow paths. Changes in the performance of barrier are usually …

Conservative estimates of forces from debris flows on barriers are computable using the 'free
field approach', assuming that flows are channelised until impact. However, this approach …

Rapid soil–boulder mixed flow commonly occurs in steep mountainous regions and has the
potential to damage critical infrastructures. Baffles are typically used as flow-impeding …

Arrays of baffles are widely used to prevent and mitigate granular flows (eg, debris flows and
landslides) in mountainous areas. A thorough understanding of the decelerating effect and …

Debris flows moving at high speed along valleys can bring disastrous consequences to
downstream regions. Structural countermeasures are commonly installed along anticipated …

The baffle design resisting dry granular flow is still impeded by the effect of the particle size
distribution coupled with the influence of Froude characteristics on baffle performance–for …