In the past as well as present wireless communication systems, the wireless propagation
environment is regarded as an uncontrollable black box that impairs the received signal …

Future wireless systems are envisioned to create an endogenously holography-capable,
intelligent, and programmable radio propagation environment, that will offer unprecedented …

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is a common feature of several key candidate
technologies for sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, such as ultra-massive multiple-input …

Since the start of 5G work in 3GPP in early 2016, tremendous progress has been made in
both standardization and commercial deployments. 3GPP is now entering the second phase …

Extremely large-scale antenna arrays, tremendously high frequencies, and new types of
antennas are three clear trends in multi-antenna technology for supporting the sixth …

Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO), which offers vast spatial
degrees of freedom, has emerged as a potentially pivotal enabling technology for the sixth …

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a promising technology for
the sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication networks. By significantly boosting the …

Spatial division multiple access (SDMA) is essential to improve the spectrum efficiency for
multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications. The classical SDMA for …

6G networks will be required to support higher data rates, improved energy efficiency, lower
latency, and more diverse users compared with 5G systems. To meet these requirements …

In this letter, we study efficient near-field beam training design for the extremely large-scale
array (XL-array) communication systems. Compared with the conventional far-field beam …