Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen responsible for a variety
of community and hospital infections. Infections caused by carbapenem-resistant K …

Background/Aim. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal biomolecules in the immune system.
Today, we are all aware of the importance of TLRs in bridging innate and adaptive immune …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both
pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections worldwide.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) are the main causative agent of UTIs. UPECs …

Chaperone-usher fimbrial adhesins are powerful weapons against the uropathogens that
allow the establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As the antibiotic therapeutic …

Nowadays, increasing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria have
become a global concern because of inducing resistance toward most of the antimicrobial …

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common infections in human medicine
worldwide, recognized as an important public health concern to healthcare systems around …

Interleukins (ILs)—which are important members of cytokines—consist of a vast group of
molecules, including a wide range of immune mediators that contribute to the immunological …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) as the most important bacterial agent of urinary tract
infections (UTIs) encompasses a wide treasure of virulence genes and factors. In due to this …

The diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain challenging due to the
lack of convenient assessment techniques and to the resistance to conventional …