Traditional drug discovery mainly focuses on direct regulation of protein activity. The
development and application of protein activity modulators, particularly inhibitors, has been …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is the primary regulatory
module of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress …

Vascular repair is considered a key restorative measure to improve long-term outcomes after
ischemic stroke. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in …

Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in
all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) …

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Ubiquitination modulates protein turnover or activity depending on the number and location
of attached ubiquitin (Ub) moieties. Proteins marked by a lysine 48 (K48)–linked …

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic metals without biological function, and its
accumulation in living organisms has been reported. The kidney is a target organ in Cd …

The proteasome is a large multi-subunit protease responsible for the degradation and
removal of oxidized, misfolded, and polyubiquitinated proteins. The proteasome plays …

The abnormal upregulation of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells impedes
T-cell mediated cytotoxicity through PD-1 engagement, and further exploring the …

Simple Summary The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates multiple facets of protein
homeostasis to modulate signal transduction in numerous biological processes. Not …