Over the recent years, much has been unraveled about the pro-inflammatory properties of
various mitochondrial molecules once they are leaving the mitochondrial compartment. On …

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a
slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their …

Mitochondria are evolutionary endosymbionts derived from bacteria. Thus, they bear
molecules, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that contains CpG DNA repeats and N …

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been established as a common feature of neurodegenerative
disorders that contributes to disease pathology by causing impaired cellular energy …

Retinal and choroidal diseases are major causes of blindness and visual impairment in the
developed world and on the rise due to an ageing population and diabetes epidemic …

The liver is continuously exposed to a large antigenic load that includes pathogens, toxins,
tumor cells and dietary antigens. Amongst the hepatitis viruses, only hepatitis B virus (HBV) …

Despite significant progress in cancer therapy, the outcome of the treatment is often
unfavorable. Better treatment monitoring would not only allow an individual more effective …

Objective: Necrotic cells evoke potent innate immune responses through unclear
mechanisms. The mitochondrial fraction of the cell retains constituents of its bacterial …

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is passively
released from damaged and necrotic cells, and actively released from immune cells. In …

In accordance with the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondrial components bear characteristic
prokaryotic signatures, which act as immunomodulatory molecules when released into the …