The precise interaction between the immune system and severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is critical in deciphering the pathogenesis of coronavirus …

Background: The immune system (innate and adaptive) is influenced by vitamin D3, which
affects gene expression and inflammatory pathways. An umbrella review was conducted to …

Hypercytokinemia, found in SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributes to multiple organ
dysfunctions with acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock etc. The aim of this study was …

Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction have been shown to play crucial roles in the
pathophysiology of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). On these grounds, we sought to …

Adaptive immune responses play an important role in the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2
infection. While evaluations of the virus-specific defense often focus on the humoral …

The unpredictable nature of new variants of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)—highly
transmissible and some with vaccine-resistance, have led to an increased need for feasible …

Introduction In coronavirus disease (COVID-19), inflammation takes center stage, with a
cascade of cytokines released, contributing to both inflammation and lung damage. The …

The global outbreak of COVID-19 possesses serious challenges and adverse impacts for
patients with progression of chronic liver disease and has become a major threat to public …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is identified as a risk factor for developing severe
COVID-19. While NAFLD is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, mechanisms …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the leading cause of chronic liver disease in
Western countries, has been identified as a possible risk factor for COVID-19 severity …