Context: Refactoring is the art of modifying the design of a system without altering its
behavior. The idea is to reorganize variables, classes and methods to facilitate their future …

Just-in-Time (JIT) defect prediction-a technique which aims to predict bugs at change level-
has been paid more attention. JIT defect prediction leverages the SZZ approach to identify …

Refactoring is a well-known technique that is widely adopted by software engineers to
improve the design and enable the evolution of a system. Knowing which refactoring …

Identifying refactoring operations in source code changes is valuable to understand software
evolution. Therefore, several tools have been proposed to automatically detect refactorings …

SZZ is a widely used algorithm in the software engineering community to identify changes
that are likely to introduce bugs (ie, bug-introducing changes). Despite its wide adoption …

Refactoring is a transformation that preserves the external behavior of a program and
improves its internal quality. Usually, compilation errors and behavioral changes are …

Refactoring is widely recognized as one of the efficient techniques to manage technical debt
and maintain a healthy software project through enforcing best design practices, or coping …

The presence of duplicated code in software systems is significant and several studies have
shown that clones can be potentially harmful with respect to the maintainability and …

More than 70% of characters in the source code are used to label identifiers. Consequently,
identifiers are one of the most important source for program comprehension. Meaningful …

The C preprocessor is used in many C projects to support variability and portability.
However, researchers and practitioners criticize the C preprocessor because of its negative …