Existing facial expression recognition methods have some drawbacks. For example, it
becomes difficult for network learning on cross-dataset facial expressions, multi-region …

Three-dimensional (3D) image and medical image processing, which are considered big
data analysis, have attracted significant attention during the last few years. To this end …

Image pattern classification is considered a significant step for image and video processing.
Although various image pattern algorithms have been proposed so far that achieved …

Continuous orthogonal moments are widely used in various image techniques due to their
simplicity and good rotational invariance and stability. In recent years, numerous excellent …

Inspired by the human visual system to concentrate on the important region of a scene,
attention modules recalibrate the weights of either the channel features alone or along with …

Discrete orthogonal polynomials (DOPs) have gained significant research attention owing to
their crucial role in digital signal processing applications such as computer vision, pattern …

Machine learning, a part of artificial intelligence, is recently used in speech enhancement
algorithms (SE). The primary focus of SE is finding the original speech signal from the …

Image segmentation methods have received widespread attention in face image
recognition, which can divide each pixel in the image into different regions and effectively …

Facial paralysis refers to the abnormal behavior of facial muscles caused by a disorder of
the facial nerve, mainly manifested as facial asymmetry. In recent years, deep learning has …

Image moments, as a kind of global feature descriptor of images, have become a valuable
tool for pattern recognition and image analysis. However, traditional methods are mainly …