Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus that can lead to retinal
vascular abnormalities and visual impairment. While retinal endothelial pathology is well …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and a costly
complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). DR severity is associated with DM duration; thus, DR …

Diabetic complications cause significant morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of vascular
endothelial cells (ECs), caused by oxidative stress, is a main mechanism of cellular damage …

Photoreceptors (PRs), as the most abundant and light-sensing cells of the neuroretina, are
responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. PR …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus
(DM), causing significant visual impairment worldwide. Current gold standards for retarding …

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness in
developed countries. Diabetes-induced metabolic disorder is believed to increase oxidative …

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), is a significant public health issue and the leading cause of
blindness in working-aged adults worldwide. The vision loss associated with DR affects …

Retinal ischemia is common in eye disorders, like diabetic retinopathy or retinal vascular
occlusion. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of an …

Retinal ischemia is an important factor in several eye disorders. To investigate the impact of
VEGF inhibitors, as a therapeutic option, we studied these in a retinal ischemia animal …

Purpose This study investigated the protective effect of probucol on Müller cells exposed to
high glucose conditions and examined potential mechanisms of action. Methods Primary …