Since the early days of foundational studies of nucleic acids, many chemical moieties have
been discovered to decorate RNA and DNA in diverse organisms. In mammalian cells, one …

Mammalian genomes express two principal gene categories through RNA polymerase II-
mediated transcription: protein-coding transcription units and non-coding RNA transcription …

Summary RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing in early elongation is critical for gene
regulation. Paused RNAPII can be released into productive elongation by the kinase P-TEFb …

The proper regulation of transcription is essential for maintaining genome integrity and
executing other downstream cellular functions,. Here we identify a stable association …

Integrator and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) form a complex that dephosphorylates
paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II), cleaves the nascent RNA, and terminates transcription …

Integrator is a metazoan-specific protein complex capable of inducing termination at all
RNAPII-transcribed loci. Integrator recognizes paused, promoter-proximal RNAPII and …

The journey of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as it transcribes a gene is anything but a smooth
ride. Transcript elongation is discontinuous and can be perturbed by intrinsic regulatory …

In higher eukaryotes, fine-tuned activation of protein-coding genes and many non-coding
RNAs pivots around the regulated activity of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). The Integrator …

The positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) is composed of cyclins T1 or T2 and
cyclin-dependent kinase 9 that regulate the elongation phase of transcription by RNA …

Gene expression by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is tightly controlled by cyclin-dependent
kinases (CDKs) at discrete checkpoints during the transcription cycle. The pausing …