Abstract Alfred Marshall and Mary Paley Marshall are often described as the first academic
economist couple. Both studied at the University of Cambridge, where Paley became one of …

Using the largest database of academics ever assembled, we analyze gender gaps in
hiring, publications, citations, and promotions over an unprecedented time span and …

Can diversity lead to greater research focus on populations underrepresented in science?
Diverse researchers can bring new questions and perspectives, but exposure to diversity …

Citizen participation is deemed to be crucial for sustainability and resilience planning.
However, generational equity has been missing from recent academic discussions …

We study the presence and the extent of gender differences in reference letters for graduate
students in economics and finance, and how these differences relate to early labor market …

Although women compose the majority of biological science Ph. D. recipients, those who
have children are 7 percentage points less likely than their male peers to ever obtain a …

In this article we review recent evidence showing how market forces and policies shape the
rate and direction of innovation, with various implications for inequality. First, we …

Women have traditionally participated in intellectual property creation at depressed rates
relative to men. Book authorship is now an exception. In 1970, women published a third as …

Women tend to experience a substantial decline in their labour income after their first child is
born, while men do not. Do such 'child penalties' also exist in the political arena? Using …

We examine the change in status of three Swedish colleges to universities in 1999. This
change greatly expanded the inflow of resources in the form of basic funding to the new …