A wireless underground sensor network field pilot for agriculture and ecology: Soil moisture mapping using signal attenuation

S Balivada, G Grant, X Zhang, M Ghosh, S Guha… - Sensors, 2022 - mdpi.com
Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) that collect geospatial in situ sensor data
are a backbone of internet-of-things (IoT) applications for agriculture and terrestrial ecology …

EM-based wireless underground sensor networks

A Salam, MC Vuran - Underground sensing, 2018 - Elsevier
In this chapter, fundamental building blocks of electromagnetic (EM)-based wireless
underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are presented. A detailed introduction to the …

On-site and external energy harvesting in underground wireless

U Raza, A Salam - Electronics, 2020 - mdpi.com
Energy efficiency is vital for uninterrupted long-term operation of wireless underground
communication nodes in the field of decision agriculture. In this paper, energy harvesting …

A comparison of path loss variations in soil using planar and dipole antennas

A Salam - 2019 - docs.lib.purdue.edu
In this paper, an empirical investigation of propagation path loss variations with frequency in
sandy and silty clay loam soils has been done using planar and dipole antennas. The path …

A statistical impulse response model based on empirical characterization of wireless underground channels

A Salam, MC Vuran, S Irmak - IEEE Transactions on Wireless …, 2020 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) are becoming ubiquitous in many areas.
The design of robust systems requires an extensive understanding of the underground (UG) …

An underground radio wave propagation prediction model for digital agriculture

A Salam - Information, 2019 - mdpi.com
Underground sensing and propagation of Signals in the Soil (SitS) medium is an
electromagnetic issue. The path loss prediction with higher accuracy is an open research …

Subsurface MIMO: a beamforming design in internet of underground things for digital agriculture applications

A Salam - Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks, 2019 - mdpi.com
In underground (UG) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), transmit beamforming is
used to focus energy in the desired direction. There are three different paths in the …

[图书][B] Pulses in the sand: Long range and high data rate communication techniques for next generation wireless underground networks

A Salam - 2018 - search.proquest.com
The recent emergence of Internet of Underground Things (IOUT) in many areas including
environment and infrastructure monitoring, border patrol, transportation, and precision …

Thoreau: A subterranean wireless sensing network for agriculture and the environment

X Zhang, A Andreyev, C Zumpf… - … IEEE conference on …, 2017 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper presents the deployment of a working Wireless Underground Sensor Network
(WUSN) on a university campus using existing wireless networking technology at 902 MHz …

Design of subsurface phased array antennas for digital agriculture applications

A Salam - 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array …, 2019 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
With the advancement in subsurface communications technology, an overarching solution to
a underground phased array antenna design for digital agriculture requires interdisciplinary …