Ants are thought to be special among Hymenopterans in having only dichromatic colour
vision based on two spectrally distinct photoreceptors. Many ants are highly visual animals …

Carotenoid pigments are the basis for much red, orange, and yellow coloration in nature and
central to visual signaling. However, as pigment concentration increases, carotenoid signals …

Growing evidence indicates that insect ocelli are strongly adapted to meet the specific
functional requirements in the environment in which that insect lives. We investigated how …

Male mating success is generally governed by either female choice or male–male
competition and multiple cues may influence both processes. Anuran amphibians are best …

Colour constancy is the capacity of visual systems to keep colour perception constant
despite changes in the illumination spectrum. Colour constancy has been tested extensively …

Humans and most vertebrates have duplex retinae with multiple cone types for colour vision
in bright light, and one single rod type for achromatic vision in dim light. Instead of …

Moonlight exerts profound ecological, behavioural and physiological effects on animals.
However, lunar cycles are characterised by complex changes in the illuminance and timing …

The study of deceptive signalling has provided compelling insights into evolutionary and
ecological processes. Aside from mimicry, however, research into the use of colour as a …

The sun is the most prominent source of directional information in the heading direction
network of the diurnal, ball-rolling dung beetle Kheper lamarcki. If this celestial body is …

Only a few diurnal animals, such as bumblebees, extend their activity into the time around
sunrise and sunset when illumination levels are low. Low light impairs viewing conditions …