Abstract Background The Center for Disease Control (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente
developed the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) scale to identify negative experiences …

The study of inflammation in fear-and anxiety-based disorders has gained interest as
growing literature indicates that pro-inflammatory markers can directly modulate affective …

Childhood trauma confers higher risk of adulthood physical and mental illness; however, the
biological mechanism mediating this association remains largely unknown. Recent research …

Abstract Objective. In 1998, Felitti and colleagues published the first study of the Adverse
Childhood Experiences-Questionnaire (ACE-Q), a 10-item scale used to correlate childhood …

Aim To report an analysis of the concept of adverse childhood experiences. Background
Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with negative physical and …

Objective Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with several diseases in adult
life, including diabetes, obesity and mental disorders. Inflammatory conditions have been …

Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence increases risk of health problems
across the lifecourse, and inflammation is implicated as an underlying mechanism. To …

Research suggests that many children are exposed to adverse experiences in childhood.
Such adverse childhood exposures may result in stress and trauma, which are associated …

Exposure to psychological trauma (for example, childhood/early life adversity, exposure to
violence or assault, combat exposure, accidents or natural disasters) is known to increase …

The peak prevalence of migraine occurs in women of reproductive age, and women
experience a higher burden of migraine symptoms and disability compared to men. This …