The key points of the transformations that social media have generated in the field of political
information are identified. Social media consolidation is bringing with it a new, more hybrid …

With the integration of social media in political communication repertoires, politicians now
permanently campaign for support online. By promoting their personal agenda, politicians …

We are living in a period of great uncertainty. The rise of extreme populists, economic
shocks and rising international tensions is not only causing turmoil but is also a sign that …

This article sets out the case that democracies are now entering a fourth phase of “data-
driven” political campaigning. Building on the existing campaigns literature, we identify …

On Facebook, patterns of user engagement largely shape what types of political content
citizens can see on the platform. Higher engagement leads to higher visibility. Therefore …

To increase the outreach of their messages, populists and nonpopulist political actors use
populist communication strategies that stimulate users to interact with their messages on …

Political campaigning on social media is a core feature of contemporary democracy.
However, evidence of the effectiveness of this type of campaigning is thin. This study tests …

In recent years, politicians and political parties have increasingly adopted various social
media as political communication platforms. While the research on the topic has provided …

This study investigates the visual self-presentation of political candidates on different social
media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) in seven Western democracies (Austria …

Understanding campaign communication as highly strategic, this chapter discusses this
digital visual turn in campaign communication based on the previous literature in the fields …