In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, exhausted HCV-specific CD8+ T cells comprise
memory-like and terminally exhausted subsets. However, little is known about the molecular …

Interactions between immune checkpoints (ICs) and their ligands negatively regulate T cell
activation pathways involved in physiological immune responses against specific antigens …

Background & Aims The thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein
(TOX) plays a vital role in T cell development and differentiation, however, its role in T cell …

Recent years have seen a renaissance in the research linking inflammation and cancer with
immune cells playing a central role in smouldering inflammation in the tumor …

The liver is an immunologically tolerant organ that is uniquely equipped to limit
hypersensitivity to food-derived antigens and bacterial products through the portal vein and …

Background CD8+ tissue-resident memory T (T RM) cells, marked by CD103 (ITGAE)
expression, are thought to actively suppress cancer progression, leading to the hypothesis …

Immunotherapy sheds new light to cancer treatment and is satisfied by cancer patients.
However, immunotoxicity, single‐source antibodies, and single‐targeting stratege are …

Although immune checkpoint blockade therapies have demonstrated clinical efficacy in
cancer treatment, harnessing this strategy is largely encumbered by resistance in multiple …

Immune evasion is a key strategy adopted by tumor cells to escape the immune system
while promoting their survival and metastatic spreading. Indeed, several mechanisms have …

According to the WHO's recently released worldwide cancer data for 2020, liver cancer
ranks sixth in morbidity and third in mortality among all malignancies. Hepatocellular …