Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the liver's most common primary malignancy, with over
half a million new cases diagnosed each year and being the fourth leading cause of cancer …

Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) reinvigorates exhausted CD8+ T cells, resulting in
tumor regression in cancer patients. Recently, reinvigoration of exhausted CD8+ T cells …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by poor outcome and shows limited drug-
response in clinical trials. Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) exerts a strong selection …

Background Stimulation of 4-1BB with agonistic antibodies is a promising strategy for
improving the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) or for overcoming …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops almost entirely in the presence of chronic
inflammation. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with recurrent immune-mediated liver …

CD8+ T cells play a central role in antitumour immunity, which often exhibit 'exhaustion'in the
setting of malignancy and chronic viral infection due to T cell immunoglobulin and mucin …

Background Dickkopf 1 (DKK1) is associated with tumor progression. However, whether
DKK1 influences the tumor response to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in …

Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, and the third most common cause of
cancer-related mortality worldwide. The therapeutic options for the main types of primary …

Chronic hepatitis C virus (cHCV) infection is a major global health burden and the leading
cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Western world. The course and outcome of …

METHODS: We collected fresh HCC biopsies, along with adjacent tumor-free liver tissues
and peripheral blood samples, from 21 patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we …