The past several months have witnessed the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with novel
spike protein mutations that are influencing the epidemiological and clinical aspects of the …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been widely
used in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper, we review the properties of mAbs …

During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, novel and traditional vaccine strategies have been
deployed globally. We investigated whether antibodies stimulated by mRNA vaccination …

Two and a half years into the COVID-19 pandemic, we have gained many insights into the
human antibody response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this Review, we …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has brought about a great threat to global
public health. Recently, a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS …

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited against the receptor binding site (RBS) of the spike
protein of wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are …

Neutralizing antibodies can block infection, clear pathogens, and are essential to provide
long-term immunity. Since the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies …

Vaccines are urgently needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic and to help the return to pre-pandemic normalcy. A great many vaccine …

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is continuously
evolving, and this poses a major threat to antibody therapies and currently authorized …

Adaptive immune responses play critical roles in viral clearance and protection against re‐
infection, and SARS‐CoV‐2 is no exception. What is exceptional is the rapid …