Optimal carbohydrate and protein intakes are vital for modulating training adaptation,
recovery, and exercise performance. However, the research base underpinning …

Diets utilising intermittent fasting (IF) as a strategic method to manipulate body composition
have recently grown in popularity, however, dietary practices involving fasting have also …

Hypertrophy can be operationally defined as an increase in the axial cross-sectional area of
a muscle fiber or whole muscle, and is due to increases in the size of pre-existing muscle …

Despite the lack of standardized terminology, building muscle and losing fat concomitantly
has been referred to as body recomposition by practitioners. Although many suggest that …

Short‐term energy deficits impair anabolic hormones and muscle protein synthesis.
However, the effects of prolonged energy deficits on resistance training (RT) outcomes …

The molecular responses to acute resistance exercise are well characterized. However, how
cellular signals change over time to modulate chronic adaptations to more prolonged …

Objectives The aim of this study was to examine whether antioxidant vitamin
supplementation with vitamin C (VitC) and vitamin E (VitE) affects the hypertrophic and …

This systematic literature review aimed to determine the protein requirements of pre-
menopausal (eg, 18–45 years) female athletes and identify if the menstrual cycle phase …

Elevations in the circulating concentration of androgens are thought to have a positive effect
on the anabolic processes leading to improved athletic performance. Anabolic-androgenic …

Golf is predominantly a skill-based sport where technical aspects are regarded as a priority
area for improving performance. At present, most of the existing literature has focused on …