OBJECTIVE Given widespread disparities in the surgical workforce and the advent of
competency-based training models that rely on objective evaluations of resident …

Objective To investigate whether or not gender influences letters of recommendation for
cardiothoracic surgery fellowship. Methods From applications to an Accreditation Council …

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are increasingly recognized as important within the
health care environment, however, persons of marginalized backgrounds remain …

Objective Racial and gender biases exist within academic surgery; bias negatively impacts
patient care, reimbursement, student training, and staff retention. Few studies have …

Abstract Letters of Recommendation (LORs) are widely utilized for admission to both
undergraduate and graduate programs, and are becoming even more important with the …

Objective Differential use of communal (kindness, cooperation, morality) and agentic terms
(competence, assertiveness, decisiveness) may reveal bias and has been extensively …

As more medical students are applying to residency and fellowship programs, the burden of
reviewing applications and discriminating among individuals is increasing. In addition …

Scientific grant applications are subjected to scholarly peer review. Studies show that the
success rates of grant applications are often higher for male than for female applicants …

Interventional pulmonology (IP) fellowship training has undergone increased popularity and
growth. The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education recently recognized IP …

Promoting Equity in Letters of Recommendation: Recognizing and Overcoming Bias - The
American Journal of Medicine Skip to Main Content Advertisement The American Journal of …