It has been claimed that bilingual experience leads to an enhancement of cognitive control
across the lifespan, a claim that has been investigated by comparing monolingual and …

Cognitive reserve is characterized by a dissociation between cognitive level and brain
structure, thereby reducing the impact of deteriorating brain structure on cognitive function …

Over the past 40 years, Jim Cummins has proposed a number of highly influential theoretical
concepts, including the threshold and interdependence hypotheses and the distinction …

Proficient bilinguals use two languages actively, but the contexts in which they do so may
differ dramatically. The present study asked what consequences the contexts of language …

Cognitive Neuroscience of Language provides an up-to-date, wide-ranging, and
pedagogically practical survey of the most important developments in this exciting field. It …

A growing body of research shows that the brain adapts functionally and structurally to
specific bilingual experiences. These brain adaptations seem related to modulations in …

Traditional research in bilingualism has consistently found that switching languages is
effortful, placing demands on neural systems of cognitive control. This finding runs counter to …

The search for the existence and nonexistence of bilingual advantages and disadvantages
has become a battleground marked by polarized comments and perspectives, furthering our …

The potential effects of bilingualism on executive control (EC) have been heavily debated.
One possible source of discrepancy in the evidence may be that bilingualism tends to be …

Approximately half of the world's population is bilingual or multilingual. The bilingual
advantage theory claims that the constant need to control both known languages, that are …